Les tarifs douaniers de Trump jugés illégaux

[Hugues]

Le U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (siégeant en banc) a rendu, par un vote de 7 à 4, le 29 août 2025, l’arrêt V.O.S. Selections, Inc. v. Trump, nos 2025-1812/1813. Il confirme le jugement de la Court of International Trade qui annulait cinq décrets présidentiels imposant des droits de douane quasi-globaux : les « Trafficking Tariffs » (25 % sur le Mexique et le Canada – 10 % puis 20 % sur la Chine, ensuite retirés – justifiés par la crise des opioïdes) et les « Reciprocal Tariffs » (un socle de 10 % sur « presque tous les pays », avec des surtaxes jusqu’à 50 % par pays, qui incluent les 15% négociés au début aout avec l'UE, puisqu'ils étaient un amendement)..

La Cour dit que l’IEEPA (International Emergency Economic Powers Act) n’autorise pas le président à créer de nouveaux droits de douane de cette ampleur. Le verbe « réguler » les importations dans l’IEEPA ne se lit pas comme un chèque en blanc pour taxer ; l’article I de la Constitution confie la purse power (taxes/droits) au Congrès, et l’architecture du droit douanier (HTSUS, délégations ciblées comme §§ 122/301 du Trade Act, § 232, etc.) montre que, lorsqu’il veut déléguer des hausses tarifaires, le Congrès le fait expressément et avec des garde-fous. Conclusion : ces tarifs IEEPA sont ultra vires (au-delà des pouvoirs délégués).;

La Cour déclare illégales ces mesures mais ne les éteint pas tout de suite : elle annule l’injonction universelle de 1ʳᵉ instance (au regard de la récente décision Trump v. CASA sur l’étendue des injonctions) et laisse les droits en place temporairement, le temps d’un pourvoi devant la Cour suprême (date butoir évoquée : 14 octobre 2025).

Elle ne tranche pas sur d’autres régimes de droits basés sur d’autres lois (p.ex. § 232 « sécurité nationale » acier/aluminium, § 301 contre certaines pratiques chinoises antérieures). Elle ne porte que sur les cinq Executive Orders listés (opioïdes/« frontières » et « réciprocité »).


La Maison-Blanche annonce un pourvoi ; la presse souligne un revers majeur pour l’usage des pouvoirs d’urgence afin de lever des tarifs globaux, avec incertitude à court terme pour les entreprises jusqu’à l’issue à la Cour suprême.

https://www.bfmtv.com/economie/les-droits-de-douane-largement-illegaux-selon-une-cour-d-appel-donald-trump-denonce-des-juges-hautement-politises_AD-202508300056.html

Le meilleur article sur le sujet dispobible actuellement (meilleur que bien d'autres sources US):
https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/most-trump-tariffs-are-not-legal-us-appeals-court-rules-2025-08-29/

Hugues

[Hugues]

Donc c'est les importateurs de vin ( le plaignant est une compagnie importatrice de vins) qui font s'effondrer ce beau projet, si la Cour Suprême le confirme bien sûr..

Hugues

[Garion]

Et on sait que la cour suprême est plutôt républicaine...(6 nommés par les républicains, 4 par les démocrates).
Donc, on se doute du résultat.

[Hugues]

En réalité à l'exception de ce qui relève du sociétal et de la vie privée, bref ce qui peut-être infiluencé par le conservatisme, ils jugent presque toujours en droit

Et ce d'autant plus que même les juges actuels ont plusieurs fois exprimés leur méfiance vis à vis des abus de pouvoir présidentiels... Donc le jugement est plus incertain qu'on ne peut le penser en réalité

Hugues

[Garion]

Si tu le crois...(moi non)

[Hugues]

Comme attendu, ils ont jugé en droit...,

puisque ce n'est pas relatif à la vie privée ou la religion..:


https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/20/us/politics/supreme-court-trump-tariffs.html

https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2026/02/20/droits-de-douane-la-grande-gifle-de-la-cour-supreme-a-donald-trump_6667599_3234.html

https://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2026/02/20/droits-de-douane-de-donald-trump-pourquoi-la-decision-de-la-cour-supreme-est-cruciale_6663486_4355771.html


Les Etats-Unis vont donc devoir rembourser aux importateurs.les droits payés.

Hugues

[Hugues]

Et maintenant il insulte ses copains de la Cour Suprême

Trump blasts the tariff ruling on Truth Social.

President Trump spoke at the White House on Friday, sharply criticizing the Supreme Court ruling that he had exceeded his authority when he imposed tariffs on nearly every U.S. trading partner and castigating the six justices in the majority. He also published a blistering attack on Truth Social, his social media platform. This is the full post.

The Supreme Court’s Ruling on TARIFFS is deeply disappointing! I am ashamed of certain Members of the Court for not having the Courage to do what is right for our Country. I would like to thank and congratulate Justices Thomas, Alito, and Kavanaugh for your Strength, Wisdom, and Love of our Country, which is right now very proud of you. When you read the dissenting opinions, there is no way that anyone can argue against them. Foreign Countries that have been ripping us off for years are ecstatic, and dancing in the streets — But they won’t be dancing for long! The Democrats on the Court are thrilled, but they will automatically vote “NO” against ANYTHING that makes America Strong and Healthy Again. They, also, are a Disgrace to our Nation. Others think they’re being “politically correct,” which has happened before, far too often, with certain Members of this Court when, in fact, they’re just FOOLS and “LAPDOGS” for the RINOS and Radical Left Democrats and, not that this should have anything to do with it, very unpatriotic, and disloyal to the Constitution. It is my opinion that the Court has been swayed by Foreign Interests, and a Political Movement that is far smaller than people would think — But obnoxious, ignorant, and loud!

Trump attacks the justices who ruled against his tariffs as ‘fools and lap dogs.’
Image
President Trump in the James S. Brady Briefing Room at the White House on Friday. With him are the United States solicitor general, D. John Sauer, left, and the commerce secretary, Howard Lutnick.Credit...Anna Rose Layden for The New York Times

At a hastily called news conference Friday, President Trump assailed the Supreme Court justices who ruled that he had exceeded his authority when he imposed tariffs on nearly every U.S. trading partner, calling them “fools and lap dogs.”

Reading from prepared remarks, Mr. Trump went after the justices, including some who are known as conservatives or who Mr. Trump appointed, accusing them of being disloyal to the Constitution and “unpatriotic.” The 6-3 decision against the Trump administration was written by Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr., who was appointed by President George W. Bush.

“I’m ashamed of certain members of the court, absolutely ashamed for not having the courage to do what’s right for our country,” the president said.

Mr. Trump appointed two of the justices who sided against him, Neil Gorsuch and Amy Coney Barrett.

“They’re just being fools and lap dogs” for political opponents, Mr. Trump said, adding: “They’re very unpatriotic and disloyal to our Constitution. It’s my opinion that the court has been swayed by foreign interests and a political movement that is far smaller than people would ever think.”

Later, of Justice Gorsuch and Barrett, he said: “I think it’s an embarrassment to their families, the two of them.”

The comments were revealing about how Mr. Trump views Supreme Court justices, not as independent legal thinkers appointed for their expertise or as a constitutional check on his administration, but as appointees who should be loyal to him.

Of the justices who sided with his administration, the president lavished praise on them.

“I’m so proud of him,” Mr. Trump says of Justice Brett M. Kavanaugh, whom he referred to as a “genius.”

He also went after the members of the court who were appointed by Democratic presidents.

“I can assure you, the Democrats on the court are thrilled, but they will automatically vote no,” Mr. Trump said of the justices who ruled against him, adding: “They also are a frankly, a disgrace to our nation, those justices. They’re an automatic no, no matter how good a case you have. No, you can’t knock their loyalty. It’s one thing you can do with some of our people.”

Mr. Trump said the three justices who sided with his administration on tariffs are “happily invited” to his State of the Union address next week.

The others?

“They’re barely invited,” he said. “Honestly, I couldn’t care less if they come.”

Hugues